Smart Bite: How were the RDAs established?

I recently gave a presentation which mentioned the RDAs, or Recommended Dietary Allowances. RDAs primarily focus on individual nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. They set specific values for each nutrient to prevent nutrient deficiencies. A participant asked, “when were the RDAs established?” I didn’t know the answer and decided to do some research.

Why were the RDAs established?

The concept of RDAs was first introduced during World War II, in 1941, as a response to the nutritional needs of soldiers. They were officially established in 1943. They are set by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)—specifically the NAS's Food and Nutrition Board (FNB).

How are the RDAs determined?

RDAs are determined through a rigorous scientific process that involves assessing the nutritional requirements of various population groups based on age, gender, and life stage. This process includes balance studies to determine how much of a specific nutrient humans need to balance what is lost through daily respiration and activity. The RDAs are updated by the FNB every 4-5 years, based upon newly available scientific evidence related to nutrition and human health.

Do the RDAs apply to me?

RDAs are intentionally set high to establish nutrient intake levels that are adequate for about 97-98% of the healthy US population. Thus, from a population perspective, RDAs meet the needs of most people. Your healthcare professional may recommend modifications based on your individual needs and health conditions.

What’s the best way to meet the RDA requirements?

The best way is still the old-fashioned way: through a healthy, balanced diet. Consume a variety of nutrient-rich foods from all food groups, including vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy or dairy alternatives. A diverse diet increases the likelihood of meeting nutrient requirements.